當歸補血湯對缺血性沙鼠被動迴避學習反應障礙之影響

彭文煌 
中國醫藥學
當歸補血湯最早記載於李東垣所著內外傷辨惑論，全方由黃耆一兩、當歸二錢所組成，具有調理血分、促進血液循環、消散瘀血的功用，使血滯者行，血瘀者化，是改善血液循環障礙及血液流變性異常的方劑，對於老年痴呆症患者之腦血循環障礙及腦代謝活性減退應有所幫助。

腦部缺血容易引起中樞神經系統之神經元損害，產生神經功能喪失，嚴重者會導致神經元死亡，此神經功能失常常反應於行為及記憶功能失常。Pulsinelli及Brierley以阻塞一般頸動脈及永久遮斷頸錐動脈法可在未麻醉大鼠產生腦部缺血，雖然此方法操作耗時且需要精細的處理，然現今一般仍被用為一種學習與記憶損害的動物模式。又沙鼠之Willis環比較特別，已被用為腦部缺血的實驗動物，因只要阻塞雙側頸動脈即可產生腦部缺血。

又Nabeshima研究證實阻塞雙側頸動脈可產生腦部缺血，於阻塞後第二天，會產生被動迴避學習反應障礙，主要是因為海馬回CA1區神經元損害，甚至死亡或運動量增加所致；於阻塞後第十天，亦會產生被動迴避學習反應障礙，主要與海馬回CA1區神經元損害有關。因此本研究擬以被動迴避儀(passive avoidance task)來探討當歸補血湯對缺血性沙鼠學習記憶障礙之作用，並以自發運動量測定儀測定缺血性沙鼠的運動量，以探討運動量變化是否影響被動迴避學習反應，以找尋對缺血引起之學習記憶障礙有改善作用的方劑，提供瘀血性痴呆症患者其他可改善學習記憶障礙的新藥物。
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Effects of Tang-Kuei-Pu-Hsueh-Tangs on the impairment of passive avoidance learning in gerbils exposed to cransient cerebral ischemia

Tang-Kuei-Pu-Hsueh-Tang(abbreviated as TKPHT) was first described in the Nei-Wai-Shang-Pien-Huo-Lun which was edited by Tung-Yuan, Lee. TKPHT was made up of Astrgalus Radix and Angelicae Rhizome, and regulated blood function, facilitated blood circulation and dissolved clotted blood. It also improved the impairment of blood circulation and abnormal blood varicosity. Therefore, it may also improve the impairment of blood circulation and barin metabolism activity in dementia patients.

Neuron in the central nervous system are vulnerable to ischemia. During cerebral ischemia, abrupt loss of neurological function occurs. If it is serious, lead to death. This neurological dysfunction is naturally reflected in the deterioration of behavioral performance and memory function. Pulsinelli and Brierley have introduced a method for producing cerebral ischeiai in unanesthetized rats by temperarily occluding the common carotid arteries and permantly interrupting the vertebral arteries. Althoug
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