台灣龜板市場品之基原及DNA PCR鑑定研究
張賢哲
中國醫藥學
中藥商是一個傳統、保守、固執、淵源流長的行業,他們所販售的中藥,在古老中藥文化薰陶下,成了一個鮮為外人熟知的封閉型特殊型態。
傳統中藥有些動物藥,這幾年來,一再受國際保育團體的攻擊、扭曲、誤導,而引起了培利修正案貿易制裁我國的不幸悲劇。在犀角、虎骨、熊膽風波後,接踵而來的是龜板、麝香、魚翅等等,國際保育團體已列為攻伐的目標。龜板之主要出口國家泰國,在國際保育團體的壓力下,已宣佈禁止龜板出口了。
過去犀角、虎骨,我們之所以遭受慘痛的攻伐,主要在於我們對於該中藥市場品沒有深入研究,以至讓保育團體的研究論文被捧為聖典而把我們判刑。中藥熊膽問題在我們努力研究下,熊膽攻勢就緩和下來。龜板是屬於部份基原種別列入瀕臨絕種保育野生動物,部份基原種別不是者,龜板是消耗量很大的常用藥材,台灣有卅幾家中藥進口商進龜板,台灣市場品究竟有多少比例之龜板涉及保育類之龜種,沒有任何研究資料可作參考。
從市場來判斷,龜板價廉、量大,貨源很多,應當大都是非保育類之龜。而且依照我們這一年來市場初步私下的調查研究,涉及保育龜板,雖有,但量很少不嚴重,然而口說無憑,為了揭開中藥龜板商品神秘的面紗,當務之急,首先要研究台灣龜板市場品基原之真相。若沒有拿出強有力的研究報告,國際保育團體祭出保育之大刀,我們啞口無言無法抗衡。
關鍵字:龜板、中藥商管理、保育野生動物、基原鑑定
Study on the origin and DNA PCR Identification of Carapax Testudinis in the Taiwan Market
With centries-old of history, the Traditional Chinese Medicine has envolved with Chinese culture, Tradition and society. This community with centries-old tradition is a closed world. It is very difficult to conduct any investigation research among these closed group of people.
In recent years, the endangered species animal-based medicinal drugs have received great attention amoung international media. Some facts distorted by the international enviromental group, and invoked the Pelly Amendment from the United States. After rhino horn, tiger bone and bear gallbladder, the following criticism targets are Carapax Testudinis, Nidus Collocaliae, Moschus, etc. Thailand, the main exporter of Carpanax Testudinis, ban to export it under conservation.
In 1990-1993, when the international wildlife conservation organization accused Taiwan for rhino horn and tiger bone, because we had no any papers for rhino horn and tiger bone, many incorrected statistics and informations from the co
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