中醫診斷規範化之探討
張恆鴻
長庚大學
子計畫1:中醫診症斷操作及判定規範,主要目的是使醫者臨症時,採集症狀資訊的操作過程與判定標準趨向客觀與一致。內容包含術語規範與操作判定規範。最終希望能提高臨床診斷的精確度,加強中醫教學研究的信效度,並提升中醫診療研究的可重複性。中醫學術之最大特色在於「氣化」之學說,氣虛則功能不振,活力衰減,如失治誤治,亦可逐步發展至血虛、陰虛或陽虛,並變生痰瘀等證。氣虛為眾多疾病常見之證,補氣之藥如人參、黃耆等均所常用,亦為近年來國際中藥新藥開發研究之重點項目,但氣虛之證如何診斷?以及診斷之操作、判定等,尚缺乏規範,以致臨床實證上難獲共識,無法推展。本研究擬以氣虛證為例,進行探討,如能建立規範,未來可逐步依此模式,進行其他常見證候之規範化。規範化的執行方法,首先針對氣虛證相關文獻進行收集研讀與整理討論,並延請中醫臨床醫療機構、教學研究單位、中西醫師公會與統計方面的學者專家,組成四診專家小組,透過網路平台的意見調查,收集專家資訊,並研擬操作流程與判定標準,整理為專家資料庫,藉由小型研討會,共同討論制定編寫規範化內容,最後進行信效度之測試,本規範應為中醫現代化、國際化之重要模式及基礎。子計畫2:臺海兩岸為中醫知識與臨床技能發展的主軸,然此兩地中醫診斷相關名詞的定義與解釋不盡相同。為使病患獲得客觀、明確且科學化的中醫服務,整合歧異,建立統一且國際化診斷規範,應是台灣中醫界當仁不讓的使命。因此,本研究擬選擇經常使用的中醫證型,透過凝聚共識的方式,嘗試建構出一個符合科學的證型量表。老人與不可治癒之慢性疾病患最常使用中醫診療服務,其根本健康問題與氣虛密切相關,故本研究以氣虛作為探討的目標,邀請臺海兩岸30位中醫診斷學專家,藉由修正式德菲法,進行意見交流與表達,確認診斷氣虛證的重要概念與項目,以設計編制包含臨床症狀與徵象及相關因素的氣虛證量表。同時根據專家意見將所得概念與項目進行定義,使量表的每一個條目都應有相應的檢查程序和評分標準,並盡可能附有標準化、客觀化的辭彙釋義。期發展出具有良好效度及臨床實用性的證型量表,供臨床人員監測病情變化、評估療效、決定診療措施之參考,使病患獲得持續且整體性的照護。同時希望藉由此量表的建立能作為未來臨床研究之基礎。此外,透過德菲法系統化與連續性的問卷調查,不僅可以促使中醫專家達成共識。台灣中醫體系致力於診斷規範化的理念與成果,更得以透過已形成共識的專家群向外傳播。
關鍵字:氣虛;規範;證;診斷;共識;德菲法
The Standard Diagnostic Procedure in TCM
Chang, Hen-Hong
Chang Gung University
The main purpose of constructing the standard operational procedure for clinical evaluation in TCM is to improve the reliability of the diagnostic procedures. In our study, medical terminologies and operational procedures for clinical diagnosis will all be standardized to achieve this aim. Hopefully, our achievement will be helpful in improving the quality of clinical research and medical education in TCM. This project will be started with collection and analysis of the pertinent information (made available in the medical texts, journals, etc.). Expert meetings will be conducted, focusing on the four diagnosis in Chinese medicine. Specialists in fields such as clinical medicine, academic research and biostatistics, will all be invited to our discussion panels. Finally, results of analysis will be used to construct the standard operational procedure of diagnosis in TCM, which will then be tested for validity in clinical settings. Hopefully, this project will be helpful to the process of modernization in TCM research. Both sides of the Taiwan strait are the locus of the knowledge and clinic techniques of contemporary Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM). Yet, the definition and interpretation of some TCM diagnostic terms are different within as well as between Taiwan and China. It is the imperative responsibilities of the TCM clinicians in Taiwan to establish internationalized diagnostic models to provide patients an objective and scientific TCM services.
關鍵字:Qi-vacuity;Standard Operational procedure;Pattern;Diagnosis;common consensus;Delphi method