樟芝發酵產物微波殺菌及微波凍乾製程研發

陳淑德
國立宜蘭大學
牛樟芝是台灣傳統藥用真菌，由於野生牛樟芝非常稀有、珍貴且生長緩慢，故改以液態發酵和固態培養短時間生產菌絲體或子實體。牛樟芝發酵產物中的多醣類和三萜類等生化活性物質，具有抗氧化能力、抑制肝癌細胞生長、抗發炎等免疫調節的功效，故本研究乃利用高價值的牛樟芝液態發酵產物和固態培養的牛樟芝子實體作為研究的中草藥原料進行後段工程中微波殺菌和微波凍乾的製程研究。其中以微波蒸氣殺菌克服傳統蒸氣殺菌的熱傳導障礙，加速殺菌製程，大幅降低微生物和黴菌毒素的污染，以建立安全的製程，並可取代放射線殺菌方法。另一方為避免加熱對有效成分的破壞，要利用微波真空冷凍乾燥，使冰晶吸收微波而產生共振摩擦生熱昇華，估計只需一至二小時即可完成凍乾，此可以節省能源，並可取代目前業界使用加熱板作為熱源，需一至二天的凍乾製程。故微波殺菌和微波真空冷凍乾燥處理牛樟芝發酵產物的研究，未來可推廣於現代化製藥製程中，不僅維持較佳的品質，也可有效提升國內中草藥製程的水平。
關鍵字：牛樟芝、微波殺菌、微波凍乾

Study of microwave sterilization and microwave freeze-dried of fermented Antrodia Camphorate

Su-Der Chen
National Ilan University
Antrodia camphorate is a traditional Taiwanese medicinal fungus. Wild Antrodia camphorate is very rare, precious and slow growth. Therefore, submerged fermentation and solid-state cultivation can quickly produce mycelium or fruiting body. There are many bio-active compounds such as polysaccharides and triterpenoids in Antrodia camphorate fermented products, and they have several bio-functions such as antioxidant activities, inhibition of hepatoma cells growth and anti-inflammatory effect. Therefore, the high value of Antrodia camphorate liquid fermented products and fruiting body become the materials in this study for further down stream operations such as microwave sterilization and microwave freeze-drying. Microwave sterilization can overcome heat transfer resistance in the high temperature steam sterilization to accelerate the sterilization process and to reduce the possibility of of microbial and mycotoxin contamination. Microwave sterilization can establish the safe processing instead of γradiation sterilization. Moreover, microwave freeze-drying can avoid overheating bio-active components, because the polar ice can absorb microwave to vibrate and to produce heat for sublimation. The microwave freeze-drying only takes one or two hours to obtain dried products. Therefore microwave freeze-drying can save energy and replace one to two-days traditional freeze-drying in industry. The study of Antrodia camphorate fermented product by microwave sterilization and microwave vacuum freeze-drying can be applied the modern medicine processing to maintain better quality in order to improve operation technology in Chinese herb industry.
關鍵字：Antrodia camphorate, microwave sterilization, microwave freeze-drying