湖貝母組織培養之研究

蔡新聲 
台灣省農業
貝母乃百合科多年生之草本植物，以地下鱗莖入藥，有止咳、化痰、清熱及散結之功用，乃常用中藥。歷年來均採用鱗莖繁殖播種，但繁殖係數低，產量低，種子繁殖又需4-5年之生長週期，造成藥品嚴重缺乏，不能滿足醫療之需，部分地區把土貝母、麗山江慈姑，葫蘆科假貝母之鱗莖及鴨趾草科露水草之根充當偽品，甚至引起中毒。為了解決此窘境，乃著手從事湖北貝母之組織培養研究，期能大量繁殖貝母植株，縮短生長週期，以供醫療所需。將培養所得貝母植株，進行切片及根尖細胞染色體鏡檢，以確保培養過程無變異性產生。並由組織培養品中，鑑定是否含藥用成分，以期能以組織培養方式，大量生產具藥效之二次代謝產物，俾有益於藥用資源之開發與利用。

關鍵字：二次代謝物、組織培養、湖北貝母

Studies on tissue culture of Fritillaria hupehensis

Fritillaria hupehensis Hsiao et K. C. Hsia, a herbaceous species of Liliaceae, is one of the most important medicinal herbs. The conventional progagation method by using the rhizomes is not considered economical because of the low multiplication factor and the subsequent low yield efficiency. Propagation by seeds is also not accepted as it takes 4-5 years to complete a single growth cycle. Due to the insufficient supply of this precious plant product, the rhizomes of other species, such as Fritillaria davidi Franch, Iphigenia indica Kunth ex Benth, and Bolbostemma paniculatum (Maxim.) Franquet, and the root of Cyanotis vaga (Lour.) Roem. et Schult are used in some areas as substitutes, which not only results in unsatifactory medicinal effect but also causes toxification consequence in some cases. To solve the problems, experiment is designed on the tissue culture of Fritillaria hupehensis aimed to mass-propagate the seedling and to shorten the growth duration of the plants.
關鍵字：Secondary metabolites, Tissue culture, Fritillaria hupehensis