輻射照射抑制火麻仁發芽之研究

本計畫係依照行政院衛生署中醫藥委員會96年度中藥品質管制暨中醫政策類委託研究計畫，研究重點1-4，火麻仁經炮製後之發芽研究提出。火麻仁為植物大麻（Cannabis sativa LINN.）之乾燥果實，是中醫用藥亦為鴿禽類之添加飼料。藥典中所記載的火麻仁，主要療效為潤燥、滑腸、通淋、活血等。目前國內使用之火麻仁主要由中國大陸進口，屬於限制輸入貨品，對此中藥材之進口規定是經炮製後不具發芽力之火麻仁始得進口，唯目前進口之炮製後火麻仁之發芽率尚無確切完全抑制，造成進口時之困擾。輻射照射可用於抑制種子之發芽，已有許多文獻報導，加馬線照射應是解決炮製火麻仁仍具發芽能力的最佳方法。
本研究探討以加馬線照射抑制炮製後之火麻仁發芽之最適照射條件，主要研究內容為彙整輻射照射抑制種子發芽之相關研究資料，採購不同批次經傳統炮製之火麻仁進行其發芽率試驗。火麻仁於清華大學原科中心進行輻射照射，將評估抑制火麻仁種子發芽所需之最適輻射照射劑量，及溫度、劑量率對輻射照射抑制火麻仁發芽之影響，照射後之火麻仁樣品立即進行發芽效率及多酚氧化酶（polyphenol oxidase）之種子活性分析測試，及脂肪酸、酸價、過氧化價等成分分析，並探討照射處理是否具突變性。照射後火麻仁並進行貯存實驗，於三個月後再次進行上述測試。本計畫為探討炮製火麻仁達完全抑制發芽之輻射照射最適條件，解決中藥火麻仁之進口問題。
關鍵字：輻射照射，火麻仁，抑制發芽

Study of Germination Inhibition of Cannabis Semen by Gamma Irradiation

This project is based on the major research focuses 1-4 “study of the germination activity of roasted Cannabis semen”, proposed by the Committee on Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Health, Executive Yuan. Cannabis semen (CS), the dried seed of Coix lacryma-jobi L., has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine to enhance human health, and also has been considered as a healthy supplemental dietary for pigeons. CS is subjected to the import restriction by the examination of its germination activity in Taiwan. Most of CS is imported from China, and it must be roasted for germination inhibition. However, some of the imported CS still have germination activity, thus the commodities are encountered by customhouse detention. Therefore, the control of germination activity of CS is urgently required. Gamma irradiation can be an effective method for CS germination inhibition since it has been applied to inhibit germination of many plant seeds. The aim of this research is to set up the optimal irradiation condition for CS germination inhibition by the use of gamma irradiation. In this research, the roasted CS will be ordered and exposed to a serial doses of gamma radiation in the cobalt-60 hot cell at National Tsing Hua University to evaluate the efficiency of germination inhibition.
關鍵字：Gamma irradiation, Cannabis semen, Germination inhibition