建立鮮藥材現代炮製技術及炮製規範，提升台灣本土農業產業價值─以台灣本土自產之中藥材狗尾草為研究範例
周志中1、李孟修2、黃太鴻3
1國防醫學院生物醫學工程學科 2中國醫藥大學中國藥學暨中藥資源學系 3中國醫藥大學藥學系
炮製為中草藥與天然藥物不同之特色之一。中藥材不可直接入藥，必須經過炮製成中藥飲片後才能入藥。傳統的中藥炮製問題核心在於，使用的原料一般是在產地採摘(挖)後，經曬、陰乾後的乾性藥材，而此時的乾性藥材與新鮮的原生藥材有很大區別，而炮製後的藥材與乾性藥材也有一定的差異，使得鮮藥材與中藥飲片在化學成分種類、所含成分的量和治療效果方面的差異就更大了，而台灣在這方面的研究工作才開始起步。如何從炮製源頭控制藥材品質，然後通過適宜的炮製加工使藥材達到最佳的應用狀態，最大程度地保留中藥的活性，使炮製後的藥材在品質方面完全可以與新鮮的原生藥材媲美，減少藥材在採集、炮製、運輸過程中有效成分的流失，成為了判斷炮製方法好壞的重要因素。因此，基於鮮藥材的炮製技術研究成為了提升中藥炮製水準的重要方向，這即是本計劃的核心主軸。本計畫與以往炮製計劃的不同處在於：(1) 本計畫從鮮品藥材炮製加工即開始研究(最適化藥用部位、儲存溫度及時間)。並且使用多指標正交試驗，建立最佳化之狗尾草炮製方式。(2) 台灣多數中草藥皆為進口，其炮製多數在中國產地進行，真正本土產之中草藥(如苗栗銅鑼菊花，南投民間狗尾草)，其炮製則在台灣各地產地進行。本次計劃研究的題目狗尾草，是本土產年產值逾四億之中草藥，非以往炮製計劃皆以大陸產之藥材為主。所以，推行台灣本土產鮮藥材炮製方法規範，對產業有立即性產值提升。(3) 以往炮製研究皆已單一指標成份，本次計畫從中醫藥整體觀著手，建立結合代謝體學輪廓分析與多變數統計的方法，並應用於狗尾草藥材及飲片品質管制監測。(4) 我們的研究動機，符合中醫藥委員會研究重點2-4的研究目的：以科學規格系統化炮製製程，生產品質穩定、均一及安全之中藥材。(5) 狗尾草近緣植物之分子鑒定方法建立。為提高藥材使用價值的關鍵，在於如何得到“較多量有效成分”的炮製加工產品。我們研究團隊為解決此一問題，從兩個方面切入:一是如何求證最佳狀態(藥用部位及儲存時間及方式) 的狗尾草“原生藥材”；二是尋找通過最佳加工炮製技術(多指標正交試驗)，使得有效成分被最大程度保留的狗尾草炮製產品，並且進行毒理研究，保障用藥安全。本計畫預定完成目的：(1) 經由代謝體學研究策略及分析不同炮製方法對於鮮藥材的炮製加工，建立狗尾草鮮品最適化之標準作業程式(SOP)，如最佳藥用部位，最佳存放時間。(2) 建立結合代謝體學輪廓與多變數統計的方法，並應用於狗尾草藥材及飲片品質管制監測。(3) 使用多指標正交試驗，建立最佳化之狗尾草炮製方式。(4) 提升台灣本土精緻農業之附加價值，促進台灣本土中草藥發展。
關鍵字：鮮品炮製、中藥材加工、品質管制、狗尾草
Modern processing technology of Chinese materia medica based on fresh herbs─Uraria crinita─a important herbal medicine in Taiwan
Tz-Chong Chou1, Meng-Shiou Lee2, Tai-Hung Huang3
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center 2School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University 3School of Pharmacy, China Medical University
"Processing" of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is one of the different characteristics to natural medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine cannot be directly, must be processing before using into medicine. The processing core problem of TCM is that the raw materials used generally in the origin picking (digging), after drying, dried, and called "dry herbs". The dry herbs with the fresh native herbs are very different, and also different with "processed herbs", such as chemical composition and treatment effectiveness. Therefore, the processing of TCM is very important, and Taiwan research work in this area was started. How to source control from the processing quality of herbs, then cooked through the appropriate process to the application of herbs to achieve the best state to retain maximum activity, so these are important factor to determine the best method of processing. Therefore, based on fresh herbs to enhance processing technology has become an important direction of the standard of TCM processing, which is the core axis of the plan. Uraria crinite is commonly used in TCM in Taiwan, the annual output of about 15,600 metric tons, annual output value of more than 4 billion, is the most important of Nantou County, one of the high-earning cash crops. But there are no good processing standards, and also quality control is not stable. Our research team chose the title of these herbs, expect have an immediate effect for the processing research of TCM and enhance the industry value of Uraria crinite. Through this project, metabonomics research methods, biological experiments and orthogonal test are used to analyze chemical constituents of Uraria crinite and determine biological activity of the optimum harvest medicinal parts. We also find the best storage method for retaining chemical composition, and to determine the optimum Uraria crinite fresh herbs processing method. Expecting has an immediate effect for the processing research of TCM and enhances the industry value of Uraria crinite in Taiwan.
關鍵字：Processing of fresh herbal plant, Uraria crinite, Quality Control
