臺灣特有蒿屬中草藥之應用與開發

周聖杰
中國醫藥大學
菊科為維管束植物最大科，超過22750種，包含1620屬與12亞科被鑑定出。在臺灣菊科是開花植物中第三大科，民間菊科藥用植物常被用於清熱解毒、抗菌、消炎、降血壓、活血化瘀、止咳、抗肝炎及抗癌等。蒿屬為菊科一屬，約有200-400種，其內含天然物具有多樣的結構與藥理活性。如從黃花蒿抽取出之青蒿素為倍半萜內酯，主要用以治療瘧疾，茵陳蒿主要用以治療肝炎。臺灣蒿屬有15種與一變種，其中有6種與一變種為特有種。特有種細葉山艾、山艾與高山艾廣泛分佈於高海拔區域，艾草則從平地至高海拔區域都有分佈。細葉山艾在型態上與茵陳蒿極為接近，經由外部型態不易分辨，鑑定上存在困難度。本計畫擬利用現有之B型肝炎肝炎病毒、發炎、鎮痛、免疫調節等篩選平臺，在不同季節中，從低海拔到高海拔生長之艾草與高海拔之細葉山艾、山艾與高山艾以水或酒精萃取方式測試藥理活性並進行比對。活性最佳之物種將進行成分分離與結構鑑定。根據文獻檢索，除倍半萜內酯外，類黃素為主要蒿屬活性來源之一，亦將進行化學合成以提供藥理機轉研究之用。此外，也將利用代謝質體學方式對不易分辨之細葉山艾、山艾與高山艾，根據代謝物分類，以提供臺灣特有藥用資源之開發參考。
關鍵字：菊科；蒿屬；B型肝炎病毒；發炎；鎮痛；免疫調節

Application and development of Chinese herbal medicine for endemic Artemisia genera in Taiwan

Shen-Chieh Chou
China Medical University

Compositae, the largest family in vascular plant, comprises of more than 1620 genera, 12 subfamily and 22750 species. As the third-largest flowering family in Taiwan, Compositaceous plants are being used as detoxication, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, enhancing blood circulation, anti-tussive, anti-hepatitis and anti-tumor in folk medicine. Artemisia (Compositae), 200-400 species identified, is versatile in phytochemicals and pharmacological activities. Artemisinin from A.annua, a sesquiterpene lactone, was used in the treatment of malaria. A. capillaries Thunb. is a traditional herb for curing hepatitis for a long time. Fifteen species and 1 variety identified in Taiwan, from which 6 species/1 variety are endemic. A. morrisonensis, A. kawakamii and A. oligocarpa are widely distributed in alpine areas, whereas A. indica are found from low to high altitude. A. morrisonensis, being morphologically close to A. capillaries, is quite difficult to discriminate with other species. This project will aim at testing aqueous/ethanolic extracts of above-mentioned species in various seasons and altitudes by using anti-hepatitis, anti-inflammation, analgesia and immunoregulation screening. The isolation and structural determination of natural products will be conducted towards the species with the best activity. According to literature survey, besides sesquiterpene lactone, flavones are the major constituents responsible for the activities from Artemisia species. Therefore, flavones derivatives will be synthesized to provide sufficient amount for investigating underlying mechanism. Also, metabolomic approach will be utilized to differentiate between A. morrisonensis, A. kawakamii and A. oligocarpa to provide with reference in the discovery of Formosan medicinal plants.
關鍵字：Compositae; Artemisia; HBV; inflammation; analgesia; immunoregulation.