10種市售易混淆及誤用藥材種子類之基原鑑定

李宜融
國立中國醫藥研究所
傳統中藥材的使用源遠流長，經過歷史的嬗遞傳承與環境的局限，傳統典籍的記載散佚不全、藥材產地的變遷與替代藥材的使用等原因，時至今日已大有不同。臺灣市售中藥材誤用或混用之現象亦常見，有同名異物或一物數名及代用藥材，甚至以偽劣藥材充用等情形。特別是種子類的中藥材，往往因為其體形過小、外觀相似、以假亂真等原因，而造成混淆性的情形相當嚴重。本計畫擬針對市售10種易混淆及誤用的藥材種子類進行相關基原鑑定。以藥材之性狀、組織特徵、粉末鏡檢等之鑑別，並配合指標成分或基原藥材之薄層層析法比對，及利用DNA序列分析鑑定等方法，建置正確判別種子類藥材之基原鑑定資料庫，以期提供現代中藥使用之對照與參考，提供民眾用藥安全，強化中藥用藥安全之目的。
關鍵字：種子類、基原鑑定

Identification of Ten Seeds Easily Confused and Misused Raw Materials of Chinese Medicine

IJung Lee
National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine
Traditional Chinese Medicine plants have been using for a long period of time. But within the period of inheriting the knowledge concerned and the environmental limitation, a few changes happened, such as the lost of traditional Chinese medicinal books and records, the changes of the source of Chinese Medicine plants and the substitution of the Chinese Medicine plants used. All these, making the Chinese Medicine plants used at the moment are so different from what they have been considered. The Chinese Medicine plants sold at Taiwan’s market appeal to be misused, or confused easily. This phenomenon happens because of the confusing naming system used for Chinese Medicine plants, such as different Chinese Medicine plants might share the same name, or a name might represent different kinds of Chinese Medicine plants or its substitutions, or in an even worse condition, the false Chinese Medicine plants are used. This happens especially to the seed, due to its small in size, the similarity in its appearance, its easiness being mixed-up-with. The aim of our project is to authenticate the 10 chosen seeds bought from the market which are easily misused or confused usually. Through the appearance and the microscopic characteristic of the seed examined, the comparison between the active/marker ingredients of the seed or the comparison with chromatography of the authenticated seed concerned, and, the DNA sequence analysis of the seed, we might able to establish the database for justifying the seed through their authentication. In this way, we might provide reference for the using of correct modern Chinese Medicine plants. Meanwhile, we might also enhance the safety for using Chinese Medicine plants.
關鍵字：seed, identification