以加馬線分解常用中藥材殘留有機氯農藥之照射平台建立(2-2)

周鳳英
國立清華大學 原科中心
中藥材中常有可測得之有機氯農藥（organochlorine pesticides, OPCs）殘留，在用藥安全上，是急需解決之問題。本研究是將加馬線照射應用於分解中藥材中殘留之OPCs，因人參及番瀉葉為常以單方形式入藥之中藥材，且常測得OPCs殘留，故以人參及番瀉葉為標的，探討照射劑量對OPCs之分解效率。OPCs所需分解期長、多為脂溶性，可經由食物鏈而積聚於生物體中，因具致腫瘤、致畸胎等毒性，我國衛生署及美國FDA已規定其不得測出或必須低於其低限值。我們第一年之研究結果證實以Co-60加馬線照射可以分解PCNB, DDT, BHC等OPCs，且農藥之分解效率隨照射劑量上升而增加，照射時使用劑量率不同對OPCs之分解有明顯影響，加馬射線對OPCs之分解率會因OPCs之種類而有所差異。第一年之研究已初步建立以加馬照射分解OPCs之參數。
本第二年計畫，將收集於採收前已被OPCs污染之人參及番瀉葉，並以人為添加OPCs (PCNB, α-BHC, β-BHC, γ-BHC, δ-BHC, p,p’-DDE, p,p’-DDD, p,p’-DDT, and o,p’-DDT) 於人參及番瀉葉藥材作為加馬劑量對OPCs分解效率之比對。加馬線照射於清華大學原子科學技術發展中心進行。藥材以1.5 kGy/h之特定劑量率經不同之劑量（0、10、20、30、40 kGy）進行照射後，分別萃取其中之有機氯農藥及指標成分，以GC/MS分析加馬線照射對OPCs之分解效果，以HPLC分析藥材中之指標成分變化。以MTT法分析L929老鼠纖維細胞對含OPCs之中藥材經照射後之細胞毒性變化。並於3個月貯存後，重複農藥殘存、藥材指標成分變化、及細胞毒性測試，以瞭解貯存所造成之影響。上述中藥材中OPCs之分解效率除以百分比表示外，並標示分解後之濃度。本研究為發展加馬線照射分解中藥材中殘留OPCs之技術，期能安全、有效分解人參及番瀉葉之OPCs並保有其有效成份，以提高其經濟價值及使用安全性，建立加馬照射分解中藥材OPCs殘留之技術平台。
關鍵字：中藥材、有機氯農藥、分解、加馬線照射

The development of a gamma irradiation platform for decomposing organochlorine pesticide residues in Traditional Chinese Medicines(2-2)

Fong-In, Chou
Development Center, Nuclear Science and Technology, National Tsing Hua University
The residues of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) is an urgent safety issue needed to be solved. In this project, gamma irradiation will be applied to decompose the residues of OCPs in TCMs. Ginseng and senna are normally used as a single receipt in the TCMs prescription, but they are frequently contaminated by OCPs, which have long decomposition time and easily accumulate in living organisms to induce cancers or malformation. Therefore, the current regulations of OCPs from the Department of Health or FDA are that the amount of OCPs residues should be undetectable or less than the minimal dose. In our first year’s research, results showed that gamma irradiation is able to decompose OCPs such as PCNB, DTT, and BHC, and the decomposition efficiency increased following the increase of irradiation dosages, and was dependent on the dose rate of gamma irradiation and the types of OPCs. Moreover, the parameters of OCPs-residue decomposition by gamma irradiation were established.
關鍵字：Traditional Chinese Medicines, organochlorine pesticides, decompose, gamma irradiation