以加馬線分解常用中藥材殘留有機氯農藥之照射平台建立
周鳳英
國立清華大學
本研究是將加馬線照射應用於分解中藥材中殘留之有機氯農藥。人參及番瀉葉為常以單方形式入藥之中藥材,且常測得有機氯農藥(organochlorine pesticides, OPCs)殘留,有機氯農藥所需分解期長、多為脂溶性,可經由食物鏈而積聚於生物體中,因具致腫瘤、致畸胎等毒性,我國衛生署及美國FDA已規定不得測出或必須低於其低限值。中藥材中常可測得其殘留,是急需解決之問題。我們的研究證實以Co-60加馬線照射可以分解DDT等有機氯農藥,且農藥之分解效率隨照射劑量上升而增加。本計畫是以人參及番瀉葉中藥材為標的,探討照射條件(劑量、劑量率)、中藥材中之含水量及殘留有機氯農藥濃度,對有機氯農藥之分解效率之影響。研究將分2年進行,受測之有機氯農藥包括α-BHC、β-BHC、γ-BHC、δ-BHC、p,p’-DDE、p,p’-DDD、p,p’-DDT、o,p’-DDT八種,探討上述各受測農藥之加馬線分解效率與照射條件間之相關性,加馬線照射將於清華大學原科中心進行。第一年之研究為探討:1.上述有機氯農藥經不同劑量加馬線照射後之分解效率,使用加馬線劑量為0、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40 kGy;2.照射劑量率之差異對加馬線分解有機氯農藥之影響,使用劑量率為1、2.5、5 kGy/h;3.有機氯農藥之含水率對加馬線分解效率之影響,使用溶劑為100%及90%之甲醇;4.有機氯農藥濃度對其受加馬線分解效率之影響,以取得分解有機氯農藥之最適加馬線照射條件。第二年計畫為收集採收前已被有機氯污染人參及番瀉葉,或以人為添加有機氯農藥之人參及番瀉葉藥材經不同之劑量及劑量率(1、2.5、5 kGy/h)照射後,分別萃取其中之有機氯農藥及指標成分,以GC/MS分析加馬線照射對有機氯農藥之分解效果,以HPLC分析藥材中之指標成分變化。以L929老鼠纖維細胞測試上述有機氯農藥添加於中藥材經照射後,是否會因被分解或轉換成其他產物而造成毒性,以MTT法分析有機氯農藥經加馬照射前、後對L929細胞之細胞毒性變化,並進行6個月之貯存試驗。上述農殘之分解效率除以百分比表示外,並標示分解後之濃度以確認其能否達安全限量標準。 本研究為發展加馬線照射分解中藥材中殘留有機氯農藥之技術,期能安全、有效分解人參及番瀉葉之有機氯農藥並保有其有效成份,以提高其經濟價值及使用安全性,建立加馬照射分解中藥材有機氯農藥殘留之技術平台。
關鍵字:人參;番瀉葉;中藥材;有機氯農藥;加馬線照射;指標成分
The development of a gamma irradiation platform for decomposing organochlorine pesticide residues in Traditional Chinese Medicines
Chou, Fong-In
National Tsing Hua University
In this project, gamma irradiation will be applied to decompose the residues of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Ginseng and Senna are normally used as a single receipt in the TCM prescription, but frequently they are contaminated by OCPs, which have long decomposition time and easily accumulate in living organisms to induce cancers or malformation. Therefore, the current regulations of OCPs from Department of Health or FDA are that the amount of OCPs residues should be should be undetectable or less than the minimal dose. The OCPs contamination is a urgent issue needed to be solved. Our previous study found that gamma irradiation is able to decompose OCPs such as DTT, and the decomposition efficiency increased following the increase of irradiation dosages. In this project, ginseng and Senna will be used to study the effect of irradiation conditions (dose and dose rate), water activity of ginseng and Senna, and OCPs concentration on the decomposition rates of OCPs. This two-year project will include eight OCPs (α-BHC, β-BHC, γ-BHC, δ-BHC, p,p’-DDE, p,p’-DDD, p,p’-DDT, and o,p’-DDT) to investigate their decomposition rates in ginseng and Senna by using gamma irradiation.
關鍵字:Ginseng;Senna;Chinese Medicine;organochlorine pesticide;gamma irradiation;major componen