中藥材內赭麴毒素、伏馬毒素、T2毒素污染之研究

鄧正賢
亞洲大學
赭麴毒素A(Ochratoxin A)是由麴黴菌和青黴菌所產生的，常分布污染了糧食和動物飼料，是一種很強的腎毒性致癌物質並具有免疫特性，在許多國家中赭麴毒素A是引起腎病的原因之一，許多證據證實巴爾幹半島的流行性腎病與赭麴毒素有關。去年度的計畫中(CCMP 94-RD-005)，進行了有關赭麴毒素A (Ochratoxin A)污染中藥材的研究，25個神麴樣品中檢出21含赭麴毒素A，濃度介於0.15-45.2 mg/kg，故本年度的子計畫一進行大陸地區神麴的檢驗，又因香辛料於印度地區曾檢驗含高量的赭麴毒素A (>5 ppb)，甚至薑黃的污染量更超過100 ppb，故本年度增加辛香類中藥材共計十種中藥材品項進行檢測。 伏馬毒素(Fumonisins)由Fusarium菌所產生的，常見於農產品生長或儲存過程，目前懷疑與人類食道癌有關。trichothecene毒素則是分子量不大且非揮發性成分，常由Fusarium, Myrotecium, Trichoderma, Stachybotrys菌所產生，其中T-2毒素會侵襲皮膚及呼吸道，亦為戰爭使用的黃雨化學武器，故本計劃亦增加此兩項黴菌毒素進行檢測。 本計畫之目的在於完整建立中藥材內赭麴毒素Ａ、伏馬毒素、T-2毒素的污染狀況，並建立中藥材內赭麴毒素Ａ、伏馬毒素(Fumonisins)、T-2毒素污染的高效液相色譜檢測方法，以完整進行一系列黴菌毒素污染中藥材之研究。
關鍵字：赭麴毒素；伏馬毒素；T2毒素

Survey of Mycotoxins Contamination in Chinese Medicines---Ochratoxin A, Fumonisins and T2 Toxin

Deng Jeng-Shyan
Asia University
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is produced by several species of the fungal genera Aspergillus and Penicillium. OTA has both antibiotic and toxic properties, the most important of which are its nephrotoxic, carcinogenic, and immunotoxic properties. It has been the cause of a nephropathy in many countries. Some evidence suggests that Balkan endemic nephropathy is an environmentally induced disease, related to exposure to fungal such as OTA. Within the last year, we proceeded the above mycotoxin project to established the methods of analysis of OTA in Chinese medicines. The method was applied to 25 samples of Massa Medicata Fermentata, OTA was detected in 16 samples, measurable at 0.29-19.8 mg/kg. The purpose of the sub-subject I was to investigate the presence of OTA in Massa Medicata Fermentata collected from retail shops in China . And the occurrence of OTA in what are some of the most widely used spices in Indian cooking such as black pepper, coriander seeds, powdered ginger and turmeric powder was demonstrated, the 10 kinds of pungent Chinese crude drugs were analyzed. Fumonisins are toxins produced by Fusarium species that grow on several agricultural commodities in the field or during storage. Consumption of fumonisins can result in cancer of the esophagus.The trichothecene mycotoxins are low molecular weight (250-500 daltons) nonvolatile compounds produced by filamentous fungi (molds) of the genera Fusarium, Myrotecium,
關鍵字：Ochratoxin A；Fumonisins；T2 toxin